Authors/Ockham/Summa Logicae/Book I

BOOK I: OF TERMS

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Prologue and letter

• Prologue

Chapters 1-13: names and terms

• Chapter 1 The definition of the term, and of its division in general.
• Chapter 2 On the division of the term, and that 'term' can be specifically understood in different ways.
• Chapter 3 On the division of incomplex terms.
• Chapter 4 On the division of terms into categorematic and syncategorematic, which is common to mental and spoken terms.
• Chapter 5 On the division of names into concrete and abstract.
• Chapter 6 A concrete and an abstract name sometimes signify the same thing.
• Chapter 7 Whether concrete and abstract names such as ‘man’ and ‘humanity’, ‘animal’ and ‘animality’ etc., are synonymous names.
• Chapter 8 Of abstract names which equivalently include some syncategoremata or some adverbial determinations.
• Chapter 9 Of concrete and abstract names where the abstract names only supposit for many items, and the concrete names are only verifiable for one.
• Chapter 10 On the division of names into purely absolute and connotative.
• Chapter 11 On the division of names signifying by convention, for example into names of first and of second imposition.
• Chapter 12 What a first intention is, & what a second is, and in what way they are distinguished from one another.
• Chapter 13 On the division of names and terms into equivocal, univocal and denominative, and what ‘equivocal’ is, and in how many ways it is said.

Chapters 14-17: on universals

• Chapter 14 On the common term ‘universal’, and its opposite, ‘singular’.
• Chapter 15 That a universal is not some thing outside the soul.
• Chapter 16 Of an opinion about universal being: in what way does it have being outside the soul? Against Scotus.
• Chapter 17 Of the resolution of doubts by means of objections which can be raised against the foregoing.

Chapters 18-25: The five predicables

• Chapter 18 On the five universals [predicables].
• Chapter 19 On 'individual'.
• Chapter 20 On genus.
• Chapter 21 On species.
• Chapter 22 Comparing genus with species.
• Chapter 23 On differentia.
• Chapter 24 On property.
• Chapter 25 On accident.

Chapters 26-39: Various logical and metaphysical terms

• Chapter 26 'Definition'.
• Chapter 27 'Description'.
• Chapter 28 Descriptive Description.
• Chapter 29 Two senses of the terms ‘defined’ and ‘described’.
• Chapter 30 On the term ‘subject’.

• Chapter 31 On the term ‘predicate’.
• Chapter 32 On how the predicate can be said to ‘inhere’ in or ‘be in’ the subject.
• Chapter 33 On the term ‘signify’.
• Chapter 34 On the term ‘divided’.
• Chapter 35 On the term ‘whole’.
• Chapter 36 On the term ‘opposites’.
• Chapter 37 On the term ‘attribute’.
• Chapter 38 On the term ‘being’.
• Chapter 39 On the term ‘one’.

Chapters 40-62: Aristotle's Categories

• Chapter 40 On the term ‘category’.
• Chapter 41 On the number of categories.
• Chapter 42 On the category of substance.

Substance

• Chapter 43 On the properties of substance.

Quantity

• Chapter 44 On the category of quantity.
• Chapter 45 Objections to the previous view.
• Chapter 46 About things supposed to be in the genus of quantity.
• Chapter 47 On the properties of quantity.
• Chapter 48 Reply to the view that quantity is some absolute thing, distinct from substance.

Relation

• Chapter 49 On the category of relation.
• Chapter 50 That relation is no different from an absolute thing.
• Chapter 51 Objections which could be raised.
• Chapter 52 Things which are supposed to be in the genus of relation.
• Chapter 53 On the properties of relatives.
• Chapter 54 On the opinion that every relation is something really distinct from its foundation.

Quality

• Chapter 55 On the category of quality.
• Chapter 56 On the category of quality according to another opinion.

Action

• Chapter 57 On the category of action.

Affection

• Chapter 58 On the category of affection.

The remaining four categories

• Chapter 59 On the category of ‘when’.
• Chapter 60 On the category of ‘where’.
• Chapter 61 On the category of ‘position’.
• Chapter 62 On the category of ‘having’.

Chapters 63-77: Supposition

• Chapter 63 On supposition.
• Chapter 64 On the division of supposition.
• Chapter 65 When a term in a proposition can have personal, simple or material supposition.
• Chapter 66 Objections which can be raised against the above.
• Chapter 67 Material supposition.
• Chapter 68 Simple supposition.
• Chapter 69 Personal supposition.
• Chapter 70 On the division of personal supposition.
• Chapter 71 When a common term has one supposition, and when another.
• Chapter 72 Doubts that could be raised.
• Chapter 73 Of 'merely confused' supposition, and the rules concerning it.
• Chapter 74 Of 'distributive and confused' supposition, and the rules concerning it.
• Chapter 75 How the predicate supposits in propositions about 'beginning' and 'ceasing'.
• Chapter 76 On the supposition of relative terms, taking ‘relative’ as the grammarian understands it, not as the logician does.
• Chapter 77 Improper supposition.