Authors/John of Salisbury/Metalogicon/Liber 4/Caput 28

Chapter 28

Latin	English
CAP. XXVIII. Quomodo ea sit utendum.	Chapter 28. How logic should be employed.
Sed licet ars ista ad quammulta sit utilis, qui aliorum ignarus est, non tantum huius eruditione ad philosophiam iuvatur, quantum hinc, sumpta verbositate et temeritate, impeditur. Fere enim inutilis est logica, si sit sola. Tunc demum eminet, cum adiunctarum virtute splendescit. Tenerae tamen aetati indulgendum est amplius, et ut copiam eloquentiae comparet, interim est ferenda verbositas. Sicut enim corpora, sic et ingenia puerilia, in primis [0932C] alenda sunt ne inarescant: et ut a plenitudine et copia alimentorum succo distendantur ad robur concipiendum, et ut caro, quodam dilatationis suae vitio in hac aetate luxuriet. Hoc autem et laboris exercitium, et pondus sollicitudinis, et diligens opera, sequenti aetate satis excoquet et purgabit. Procedente ergo aetate, et sensu, verbositatis cohibeatur licentia, et sophisticae (quam Aristoteles dictitivam, nos circumventoriam vel cavillatoriam dicere possumus), improbitas conquiescat. Manet haec sollicitudo eum qui doctoris nomen et officium vindicat. Porro inutilis est opera praeceptorum, si non usu et exercitio assiduo roboretur; nisi forte in habitum transierit dispositio.	Although this art of logic has manifold utility, still, if one is learned only in it, and ignorant of aught else, he is actually retarded, rather than helped to progress in philosophy, since he becomes a victim of verbosity and overconfidence. By itself, logic is practically useless. Only when it is associated with other studies does logic shine, and then by a virtue that is communicated by them. Considerable indulgence should, however, be shown to the young, in whom verbosity should be temporarily tolerated, so that they may thus acquire an abundance of eloquence. The minds of the immature, even as their [growing] bodies, must first be [well] fed, lest they become emaciated. Thus, by means of plenty of nourishing food, they can put on weight and acquire strength. During this stage, the flesh is allowed to luxuriate to a degree that might [otherwise] be considered excessive. At a later age, the surplus fat of the young will be sufficiently burned out and purified by the exertion of labor, the burden of responsibility, and the strain of work. As students mature and grow in understanding, our tolerance of unrestrained verbosity should diminish, and the impudence of sophistry (which Aristotle calls “contentious,” but we refer to as “deceitful” or “cavilling”) should be suppressed. It is the duty of those who have the title and function of teachers to see to this. However, rules alone are useless. Theoretical principles must be consolidated by practice and assiduous exercise, except perhaps where a disposition has already been transformed into a habit.