Authors/Aristotle/metaphysics/l5/c24

Chapter 24 To come from

Greek	Latin	English
τὸ ἔκ τινος εἶναι λέγεται ἕνα μὲν τρόπον ἐξ οὗ ἐστὶν ὡς ὕλης, καὶ τοῦτο διχῶς, ἢ κατὰ τὸ πρῶτον γένος ἢ κατὰ τὸ ὕστατον εἶδος, οἷον ἔστι μὲν ὡς ἅπαντα τὰ τηκτὰ ἐξ ὕδατος, ἔστι δ᾽ ὡς ἐκ χαλκοῦ ὁ ἀνδριάς: ἕνα δ᾽ ὡς ἐκ τῆς [30] πρώτης κινησάσης ἀρχῆς (οἷον ἐκ τίνος ἡ μάχη; ἐκ λοιδορίας, ὅτι αὕτη ἀρχὴ τῆς μάχης): ἕνα δ᾽ ἐκ τοῦ συνθέτου ἐκ τῆς ὕλης καὶ τῆς μορφῆς, ὥσπερ ἐκ τοῦ ὅλου τὰ μέρη καὶ ἐκ τῆς Ἰλιάδος τὸ ἔπος καὶ ἐκ τῆς οἰκίας οἱ λίθοι: τέλος μὲν γάρ ἐστιν ἡ μορφή, τέλειον δὲ τὸ ἔχον τέλος. [35] τὰ δὲ ὡς ἐκ τοῦ μέρους τὸ εἶδος, οἷον ἅνθρωπος ἐκ τοῦ δίποδος καὶ ἡ συλλαβὴ ἐκ τοῦ στοιχείου: ἄλλως γὰρ τοῦτο καὶ ὁ ἀνδριὰς ἐκ χαλκοῦ: [1023β] [1] ἐκ τῆς αἰσθητῆς γὰρ ὕλης ἡ συνθετὴ οὐσία, ἀλλὰ καὶ τὸ εἶδος ἐκ τῆς τοῦ εἴδους ὕλης. τὰ μὲν οὖν οὕτω λέγεται, τὰ δ᾽ ἐὰν κατὰ μέρος τι τούτων τις ὑπάρχῃ τῶν τρόπων, οἷον ἐκ πατρὸς καὶ μητρὸς τὸ τέκνον [5] καὶ ἐκ γῆς τὰ φυτά, ὅτι ἔκ τινος μέρους αὐτῶν. ἕνα δὲ μεθ᾽ ὃ τῷ χρόνῳ, οἷον ἐξ ἡμέρας νὺξ καὶ ἐξ εὐδίας χειμών, ὅτι τοῦτο μετὰ τοῦτο: τούτων δὲ τὰ μὲν τῷ ἔχειν μεταβολὴν εἰς ἄλληλα οὕτω λέγεται, ὥσπερ καὶ τὰ νῦν εἰρημένα, τὰ δὲ τῷ κατὰ τὸν χρόνον ἐφεξῆς μόνον, οἷον ἐξ ἰσημερίας [10] ἐγένετο ὁ πλοῦς ὅτι μετ᾽ ἰσημερίαν ἐγένετο, καὶ ἐκ Διονυσίων Θαργήλια ὅτι μετὰ τὰ Διονύσια.	Ex aliquo esse dicitur uno quidem modo ex quo est ut materia; et hoc dupliciter, aut secundum primum genus aut secundum ultimam speciem, puta sunt quidem ut omnia liquabilia ex aqua, est autem veluti ex ere statua. Alio vero ex ↵ primo movente principio; ut ex quo pugna? Ex conuicio, hoc enim est principium pugne. Alio ex composito ex materia et forma, ut ex toto partes et ex Yliade versus et ex domo lapides; ↵ finis enim est forma, perfectum vero habens finem. Haec autem ut ex parte species, ut homo ex bipede et sillaba ex elemento; ↵ aliter enim hoc et statua ex ere; nam ex sensibili materia est ƿ composita substantia, sed et species ex speciei materia. Haec quidem igitur sic dicuntur. Alia vero si secundum partem aliquam horum aliquis extiterit modorum, ut ex patre et matre puer et ex terra plante, quia ex aliqua parte ipsorum. Alio vero ↵ post quod tempore, ut ex die nox, ex serenitate hyemps, quia hoc post hoc. Horum autem haec quidem quia habent transmutationem ad invicem ita dicuntur, ut et quae nunc sunt dicta, haec autem eo quod secundum tempus consequenter solum, ut ex equinoctio fiebat navigatio quia post equinoctium fie↵bat, * et ex Dyonisiis targelia quia post Dyonisia.	Chapter 24. To come from something means (1) to come from something as from matter, and this in two senses, either in respect of the highest genus or in respect of the lowest species; e.g. in a sense all things that can be melted come from water, but in a sense the statue comes from bronze.(2) As from the first moving principle; e.g. what did the fight come from? From abusive language, because this was the origin of the fight.(3) From the compound of matter and shape, as the parts come from the whole, and the verse from the Iliad, and the stones from the house; (in every such case the whole is a compound of matter and shape,) for the shape is the end, and only that which attains an end is complete.(4) As the form from its part, e.g. man from two-footed and syllable from letter ; for this is a different sense from that in which the statue comes [23b] from bronze; for the composite substance comes from the sensible matter, but the form also comes from the matter of the form.Some things, then, are said to come from something else in these senses; but (5) others are so described if one of these senses is applicable to a part of that other thing; e.g. the child comes from its father and mother, and plants come from the earth, because they come from a part of those things.(6) It means coming after a thing in time, e.g. night comes from day and storm from fine weather, because the one comes after the other. Of these things some are so described because they admit of change into one another, as in the cases now mentioned; some merely because they are successive in time, e.g. the voyage took place from the equinox, because it took place after the equinox, and the festival of the Thargelia comes from the Dionysia, because after the Dionysia.