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	<title>Authors/Ockham/Summa Logicae/Book III-3/Chapter 34 - Revision history</title>
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		<title>Ragnarr49 at 11:38, 31 March 2025</title>
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				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;← Older revision&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Revision as of 06:38, 31 March 2025&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l13&quot;&gt;Line 13:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 13:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|- valign = top&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|- valign = top&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|Et quia aliter est de diversis, ideo dicendum est de eis separatim. Et primo circa illas de necessario. Et est sciendum quod non semper singulares de necessario tales inferunt tales universales de necessario, nisi in singularibus subiciantur pronomina demonstrativa sumpta cum subiecto propositionis universalis. Unde posito quod quaelibet persona divina assumpsisset naturam humanam et quod nullus alius homo esset exsistens, ista consequentia non valeret `istum esse Deum est necessarium, demonstrando Patrem, qui in rei veritate esset homo; et illum esse Deum est necessarium, demonstrando Filium; et illum esse Deum est necessarium, demonstrando Spiritum Sanctum; igitur omnem hominem esse Deum est necessarium&amp;#039;, quia antecedens esset verum, illo casu posito, et consequens falsum.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|Et quia aliter est de diversis, ideo dicendum est de eis separatim. Et primo circa illas de necessario. Et est sciendum quod non semper singulares de necessario tales inferunt tales universales de necessario, nisi in singularibus subiciantur pronomina demonstrativa sumpta cum subiecto propositionis universalis. Unde posito quod quaelibet persona divina assumpsisset naturam humanam et quod nullus alius homo esset exsistens, ista consequentia non valeret `istum esse Deum est necessarium, demonstrando Patrem, qui in rei veritate esset homo; et illum esse Deum est necessarium, demonstrando Filium; et illum esse Deum est necessarium, demonstrando Spiritum Sanctum; igitur omnem hominem esse Deum est necessarium&amp;#039;, quia antecedens esset verum, illo casu posito, et consequens falsum.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;| And because it is different in different cases, it must be determined about them separately. And first of all about &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;them &lt;/del&gt;of necessity. And it must be known that singulars do not necessarily imply such universals, unless in singulars demonstrative pronouns taken with the subject of a universal proposition are posited. Hence, supposing that every divine person had assumed a human nature and that no other man existed, this conclusion would not be valid: `It is necessary for him to be God, showing the Father, who in the truth of the matter was man; and it is necessary for him to be God, by pointing out the Son; and it is necessary for him to be God, showing the Holy Spirit; Therefore it is necessary for every man to be God&amp;#039;, because truth would be antecedent, given that case, and falsity consequent.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;| And because it is different in different cases, it must be determined about them separately. And first of all about &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;those &lt;/ins&gt;of necessity. And it must be known that singulars do not necessarily imply such universals, unless in singulars demonstrative pronouns taken with the subject of a universal proposition are posited. Hence, supposing that every divine person had assumed a human nature and that no other man existed, this conclusion would not be valid: `It is necessary for him to be God, showing the Father, who in the truth of the matter was man; and it is necessary for him to be God, by pointing out the Son; and it is necessary for him to be God, showing the Holy Spirit; Therefore it is necessary for every man to be God&amp;#039;, because truth would be antecedent, given that case, and falsity consequent.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|- valign = top&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|- valign = top&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|Et tamen, illo posito, ista consequentia esset bona `istum hominem esse Deum est necessarium&amp;#039;, denotando Patrem; `et illum hominem esse Deum est necessarium&amp;#039;, denotando Filium; `et illum hominem esse Deum est necessarium&amp;#039;, denotando Spiritum Sanctum; `igitur omnem hominem esse Deum est necessarium&amp;#039;, ex inductione.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|Et tamen, illo posito, ista consequentia esset bona `istum hominem esse Deum est necessarium&amp;#039;, denotando Patrem; `et illum hominem esse Deum est necessarium&amp;#039;, denotando Filium; `et illum hominem esse Deum est necessarium&amp;#039;, denotando Spiritum Sanctum; `igitur omnem hominem esse Deum est necessarium&amp;#039;, ex inductione.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l25&quot;&gt;Line 25:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 25:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|- valign = top&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|- valign = top&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|Similiter, talis universalis de necessario non infert tales singulares; et hoc, quia ista regula non est generalis `universalis est necessaria, igitur singulares sunt necessariae&amp;#039;. Unde ista universalis est necessaria `omne verum contingens est verum&amp;#039;, et tamen nulla singularis est necessaria, immo quaelibet est contingens, {{p|718}} quia quocumque vero contingenti demonstrato haec est contingens `hoc verum contingens est verum&amp;#039;, quia eo ipso quod est verum contingens, potest esse falsum, et per consequens potest non esse verum, et ita non est illa prima necessaria.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|Similiter, talis universalis de necessario non infert tales singulares; et hoc, quia ista regula non est generalis `universalis est necessaria, igitur singulares sunt necessariae&amp;#039;. Unde ista universalis est necessaria `omne verum contingens est verum&amp;#039;, et tamen nulla singularis est necessaria, immo quaelibet est contingens, {{p|718}} quia quocumque vero contingenti demonstrato haec est contingens `hoc verum contingens est verum&amp;#039;, quia eo ipso quod est verum contingens, potest esse falsum, et per consequens potest non esse verum, et ita non est illa prima necessaria.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;| Similarly, such a universal does not necessarily entail such particulars; and this is because this rule is not general, `the universal is necessary, therefore the particulars are necessary.&amp;#039; Wherefore this universal is necessary, `every contingent truth is truth,&amp;#039; and yet no singular is necessary, indeed every one is contingent, because for whatever contingent truth is demonstrated, this is contingent, `this contingent truth is truth,&amp;#039; because by &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;that &lt;/del&gt;very fact that truth is contingent, it may be false, and consequently it may not be true, and thus it is not the first necessity.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;| Similarly, such a universal does not necessarily entail such particulars; and this is because this rule is not general, `the universal is necessary, therefore the particulars are necessary.&amp;#039; Wherefore this universal is necessary, `every contingent truth is truth,&amp;#039; and yet no singular is necessary, indeed every one is contingent, because for whatever contingent truth is demonstrated, this is contingent, `this contingent truth is truth,&amp;#039; because by &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;the &lt;/ins&gt;very fact that &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;a &lt;/ins&gt;truth is contingent, it may be false, and consequently it may not be true, and thus it is not the first necessity.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|- valign = top&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|- valign = top&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|Similiter, secundum intentionem Philosophi, haec est necessaria `omne album est coloratum&amp;#039;, et tamen quaelibet singularis est contingens; quocumque enim demonstrato haec est contingens `hoc album est coloratum&amp;#039;, quia poterit esse falsa illo destructo.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|Similiter, secundum intentionem Philosophi, haec est necessaria `omne album est coloratum&amp;#039;, et tamen quaelibet singularis est contingens; quocumque enim demonstrato haec est contingens `hoc album est coloratum&amp;#039;, quia poterit esse falsa illo destructo.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l37&quot;&gt;Line 37:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 37:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|- valign = top&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|- valign = top&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|Sicut haec est necessaria `nullum album est nigrum&amp;#039;, et tamen nulla talis singularis est necessaria `hoc non est nigrum&amp;#039;, denotato quocumque albo, nec aliqua talis `Sortes non est niger&amp;#039;, `Plato non est niger&amp;#039;; sed quaelibet talis est necessaria `hoc album non est nigrum&amp;#039;, `illud album non est nigrum&amp;#039;, et sic de aliis.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|Sicut haec est necessaria `nullum album est nigrum&amp;#039;, et tamen nulla talis singularis est necessaria `hoc non est nigrum&amp;#039;, denotato quocumque albo, nec aliqua talis `Sortes non est niger&amp;#039;, `Plato non est niger&amp;#039;; sed quaelibet talis est necessaria `hoc album non est nigrum&amp;#039;, `illud album non est nigrum&amp;#039;, et sic de aliis.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;| Just as this is necessary, `no white is black,&amp;#039; and yet there is no such singular necessity, `this is not black,&amp;#039; denoted by anything white, nor any such, `Socrates is not black,&amp;#039; `Plato is not black.&amp;#039; but every such is necessary: `this white is not black&amp;#039;, `that white is not black&amp;#039;, and so on.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;| Just as this is necessary, `no white &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;thing &lt;/ins&gt;is black,&amp;#039; and yet there is no such singular necessity, `this is not black,&amp;#039; denoted by anything white, nor any such, `Socrates is not black,&amp;#039; `Plato is not black.&amp;#039; but every such is necessary: `this white is not black&amp;#039;, `that white is not black&amp;#039;, and so on.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|}&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|}&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;==Notes==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;==Notes==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;{{reflist}}&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;{{reflist}}&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;[[Category:Untranslated]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;[[Category:Untranslated]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Ragnarr49</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>http://logicmuseum.com/x/index.php?title=Authors/Ockham/Summa_Logicae/Book_III-3/Chapter_34&amp;diff=15515&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>Ragnarr49 at 10:30, 4 February 2025</title>
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		<updated>2025-02-04T10:30:39Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;table style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122;&quot; data-mw=&quot;interface&quot;&gt;
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				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;← Older revision&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Revision as of 05:30, 4 February 2025&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l7&quot;&gt;Line 7:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 7:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|- valign = top&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|- valign = top&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|CAP. 34. QUOMODO SINGULARES DE MODO IN SENSU COMPOSITIONIS SE HABENT AD UNIVERSALES DE MODO IN SENSU COMPOSITIONIS.  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|CAP. 34. QUOMODO SINGULARES DE MODO IN SENSU COMPOSITIONIS SE HABENT AD UNIVERSALES DE MODO IN SENSU COMPOSITIONIS.  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;| &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;HOW THE PARTICULARS IN THE SENSE OF COMPOSITION ARE RELATED TO THE UNIVERSALS IN THE SENSE OF COMPOSITION&lt;/del&gt;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;| &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Chapter 34. How the Particulars in the sense of Composition are related to the Universals in the sense of Composition&lt;/ins&gt;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|- valign = top&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|- valign = top&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|His visis videndum est quomodo singulares de modo sumptae in sensu compositionis et eis aequivalentes se habent ad universales de modo sumptas in sensu compositionis et eis aequivalentes.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|His visis videndum est quomodo singulares de modo sumptae in sensu compositionis et eis aequivalentes se habent ad universales de modo sumptas in sensu compositionis et eis aequivalentes.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l13&quot;&gt;Line 13:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 13:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|- valign = top&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|- valign = top&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|Et quia aliter est de diversis, ideo dicendum est de eis separatim. Et primo circa illas de necessario. Et est sciendum quod non semper singulares de necessario tales inferunt tales universales de necessario, nisi in singularibus subiciantur pronomina demonstrativa sumpta cum subiecto propositionis universalis. Unde posito quod quaelibet persona divina assumpsisset naturam humanam et quod nullus alius homo esset exsistens, ista consequentia non valeret `istum esse Deum est necessarium, demonstrando Patrem, qui in rei veritate esset homo; et illum esse Deum est necessarium, demonstrando Filium; et illum esse Deum est necessarium, demonstrando Spiritum Sanctum; igitur omnem hominem esse Deum est necessarium&amp;#039;, quia antecedens esset verum, illo casu posito, et consequens falsum.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|Et quia aliter est de diversis, ideo dicendum est de eis separatim. Et primo circa illas de necessario. Et est sciendum quod non semper singulares de necessario tales inferunt tales universales de necessario, nisi in singularibus subiciantur pronomina demonstrativa sumpta cum subiecto propositionis universalis. Unde posito quod quaelibet persona divina assumpsisset naturam humanam et quod nullus alius homo esset exsistens, ista consequentia non valeret `istum esse Deum est necessarium, demonstrando Patrem, qui in rei veritate esset homo; et illum esse Deum est necessarium, demonstrando Filium; et illum esse Deum est necessarium, demonstrando Spiritum Sanctum; igitur omnem hominem esse Deum est necessarium&amp;#039;, quia antecedens esset verum, illo casu posito, et consequens falsum.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;| &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;And because it is different in different cases, it must be determined about them separately. And first of all about them of necessity. And it must be known that singulars do not necessarily imply such universals, unless in singulars demonstrative pronouns taken with the subject of a universal proposition are posited. Hence, supposing that every divine person had assumed a human nature and that no other man existed, this conclusion would not be valid: `It is necessary for him to be God, showing the Father, who in the truth of the matter was man; and it is necessary for him to be God, by pointing out the Son; and it is necessary for him to be God, showing the Holy Spirit; Therefore it is necessary for every man to be God&amp;#039;, because truth would be antecedent, given that case, and falsity consequent.&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|- valign = top&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|- valign = top&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|Et tamen, illo posito, ista consequentia esset bona `istum hominem esse Deum est necessarium&amp;#039;, denotando Patrem; `et illum hominem esse Deum est necessarium&amp;#039;, denotando Filium; `et illum hominem esse Deum est necessarium&amp;#039;, denotando Spiritum Sanctum; `igitur omnem hominem esse Deum est necessarium&amp;#039;, ex inductione.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|Et tamen, illo posito, ista consequentia esset bona `istum hominem esse Deum est necessarium&amp;#039;, denotando Patrem; `et illum hominem esse Deum est necessarium&amp;#039;, denotando Filium; `et illum hominem esse Deum est necessarium&amp;#039;, denotando Spiritum Sanctum; `igitur omnem hominem esse Deum est necessarium&amp;#039;, ex inductione.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;| &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;And yet, assuming that, the following conclusion would be good: `it is necessary for this man to be God&amp;#039;, denoting the Father; `and it is necessary for that man to be God&amp;#039;, denoting the Son; `and it is necessary for that man to be God&amp;#039;, denoting the Holy Spirit; `therefore it is necessary for every man to be God&amp;#039;, by induction.&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|- valign = top&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|- valign = top&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|Et hoc, si non possent esse plures homines.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|Et hoc, si non possent esse plures homines.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;| &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;And this would be true, if there could not be more people.&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|- valign = top&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|- valign = top&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|Quandocumque enim possunt plura contineri sub subiecto universalis quam continentur in inductione, non valet talis consequentia virtute talis inductionis. Sic igitur patet quod raro vel numquam singulares de necessario, habentes praecise pronomina demonstrativa pro subiectis, sumptae in sensu compositionis, inferunt universalem sumptam in sensu compositionis. Et hoc, quia ista regula non est generaliter vera `omnes singulares sunt necessariae, igitur universalis est necessaria&amp;#039;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|Quandocumque enim possunt plura contineri sub subiecto universalis quam continentur in inductione, non valet talis consequentia virtute talis inductionis. Sic igitur patet quod raro vel numquam singulares de necessario, habentes praecise pronomina demonstrativa pro subiectis, sumptae in sensu compositionis, inferunt universalem sumptam in sensu compositionis. Et hoc, quia ista regula non est generaliter vera `omnes singulares sunt necessariae, igitur universalis est necessaria&amp;#039;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;| &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;For whenever more things can be contained under the universal subject than are contained in the induction, such a conclusion is not valid by virtue of such an induction. It is therefore clear that singulars of necessity, having precisely demonstrative pronouns for subjects, taken in the sense of composition, imply a universal taken in the sense of composition. And this, because this rule is not generally true, `all particulars are necessary, therefore the universal is necessary.&amp;#039;&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|- valign = top&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|- valign = top&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|Similiter, talis universalis de necessario non infert tales singulares; et hoc, quia ista regula non est generalis `universalis est necessaria, igitur singulares sunt necessariae&amp;#039;. Unde ista universalis est necessaria `omne verum contingens est verum&amp;#039;, et tamen nulla singularis est necessaria, immo quaelibet est contingens, {{p|718}} quia quocumque vero contingenti demonstrato haec est contingens `hoc verum contingens est verum&amp;#039;, quia eo ipso quod est verum contingens, potest esse falsum, et per consequens potest non esse verum, et ita non est illa prima necessaria.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|Similiter, talis universalis de necessario non infert tales singulares; et hoc, quia ista regula non est generalis `universalis est necessaria, igitur singulares sunt necessariae&amp;#039;. Unde ista universalis est necessaria `omne verum contingens est verum&amp;#039;, et tamen nulla singularis est necessaria, immo quaelibet est contingens, {{p|718}} quia quocumque vero contingenti demonstrato haec est contingens `hoc verum contingens est verum&amp;#039;, quia eo ipso quod est verum contingens, potest esse falsum, et per consequens potest non esse verum, et ita non est illa prima necessaria.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;| &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Similarly, such a universal does not necessarily entail such particulars; and this is because this rule is not general, `the universal is necessary, therefore the particulars are necessary.&amp;#039; Wherefore this universal is necessary, `every contingent truth is truth,&amp;#039; and yet no singular is necessary, indeed every one is contingent, because for whatever contingent truth is demonstrated, this is contingent, `this contingent truth is truth,&amp;#039; because by that very fact that truth is contingent, it may be false, and consequently it may not be true, and thus it is not the first necessity.&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|- valign = top&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|- valign = top&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|Similiter, secundum intentionem Philosophi, haec est necessaria `omne album est coloratum&amp;#039;, et tamen quaelibet singularis est contingens; quocumque enim demonstrato haec est contingens `hoc album est coloratum&amp;#039;, quia poterit esse falsa illo destructo.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|Similiter, secundum intentionem Philosophi, haec est necessaria `omne album est coloratum&amp;#039;, et tamen quaelibet singularis est contingens; quocumque enim demonstrato haec est contingens `hoc album est coloratum&amp;#039;, quia poterit esse falsa illo destructo.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;| &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Similarly, according to the intention of the Philosopher, this is necessary: ​​`everything white is colored,&amp;#039; and yet each individual is contingent; for whatever is demonstrated, this is contingent, `this white thing is colored,&amp;#039; because it may be false if it is destroyed.&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|- valign = top&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|- valign = top&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|Tamen sciendum est quod aliqualis diversitas est inter universalem affirmativam et negativam, nam ex hoc quod universalis affirmativa est necessaria non potest inferri quod singulares, sive de subiectis quae sunt pronomina demonstrativa sive aliae, sint necessariae.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|Tamen sciendum est quod aliqualis diversitas est inter universalem affirmativam et negativam, nam ex hoc quod universalis affirmativa est necessaria non potest inferri quod singulares, sive de subiectis quae sunt pronomina demonstrativa sive aliae, sint necessariae.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;| &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;However, it must be known that there is some difference between the universal affirmative and the negative, for from the fact that the universal affirmative is necessary it cannot be inferred that particulars, whether of subjects which are demonstrative pronouns or others, are necessary.&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|- valign = top&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|- valign = top&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|Sed si universalis negativa sit necessaria, quamvis non oporteat quod illae singulares quae habent pro subiectis pronomina demonstrativa tantum vel nomina propria sint necessariae, tamen oportet quod illae singulares quae habent pro subiectis pronomina demonstrativa sumpta cum subiecto propositionis universalis sint necessariae.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|Sed si universalis negativa sit necessaria, quamvis non oporteat quod illae singulares quae habent pro subiectis pronomina demonstrativa tantum vel nomina propria sint necessariae, tamen oportet quod illae singulares quae habent pro subiectis pronomina demonstrativa sumpta cum subiecto propositionis universalis sint necessariae.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;| &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;But if the universal negative is necessary, although it is not necessary that those singulars which have for subjects only demonstrative pronouns or proper nouns be necessary, yet it is necessary that those singulars which have for subjects demonstrative pronouns taken with the subject of the universal proposition be necessary.&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|- valign = top&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|- valign = top&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|Sicut haec est necessaria `nullum album est nigrum&amp;#039;, et tamen nulla talis singularis est necessaria `hoc non est nigrum&amp;#039;, denotato quocumque albo, nec aliqua talis `Sortes non est niger&amp;#039;, `Plato non est niger&amp;#039;; sed quaelibet talis est necessaria `hoc album non est nigrum&amp;#039;, `illud album non est nigrum&amp;#039;, et sic de aliis.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|Sicut haec est necessaria `nullum album est nigrum&amp;#039;, et tamen nulla talis singularis est necessaria `hoc non est nigrum&amp;#039;, denotato quocumque albo, nec aliqua talis `Sortes non est niger&amp;#039;, `Plato non est niger&amp;#039;; sed quaelibet talis est necessaria `hoc album non est nigrum&amp;#039;, `illud album non est nigrum&amp;#039;, et sic de aliis.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;| &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Just as this is necessary, `no white is black,&amp;#039; and yet there is no such singular necessity, `this is not black,&amp;#039; denoted by anything white, nor any such, `Socrates is not black,&amp;#039; `Plato is not black.&amp;#039; but every such is necessary: `this white is not black&amp;#039;, `that white is not black&amp;#039;, and so on.&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|}&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|}&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;==Notes==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;==Notes==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;{{reflist}}&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;{{reflist}}&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;[[Category:Untranslated]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;[[Category:Untranslated]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Ragnarr49</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>http://logicmuseum.com/x/index.php?title=Authors/Ockham/Summa_Logicae/Book_III-3/Chapter_34&amp;diff=15513&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>Ragnarr49 at 03:08, 4 February 2025</title>
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		<updated>2025-02-04T03:08:59Z</updated>

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&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 7:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|- valign = top&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|- valign = top&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|CAP. 34. QUOMODO SINGULARES DE MODO IN SENSU COMPOSITIONIS SE HABENT AD UNIVERSALES DE MODO IN SENSU COMPOSITIONIS.  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|CAP. 34. QUOMODO SINGULARES DE MODO IN SENSU COMPOSITIONIS SE HABENT AD UNIVERSALES DE MODO IN SENSU COMPOSITIONIS.  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;| &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;HOW THE PARTICULARS IN THE SENSE OF COMPOSITION ARE RELATED TO THE UNIVERSALS IN THE SENSE OF COMPOSITION.&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|- valign = top&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|- valign = top&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|His visis videndum est quomodo singulares de modo sumptae in sensu compositionis et eis aequivalentes se habent ad universales de modo sumptas in sensu compositionis et eis aequivalentes.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|His visis videndum est quomodo singulares de modo sumptae in sensu compositionis et eis aequivalentes se habent ad universales de modo sumptas in sensu compositionis et eis aequivalentes.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;| &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;With these views it is to be seen how the particulars taken in the sense of composition and their equivalents relate to the universals taken in the sense of composition and their equivalents.&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|- valign = top&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|- valign = top&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|Et quia aliter est de diversis, ideo dicendum est de eis separatim. Et primo circa illas de necessario. Et est sciendum quod non semper singulares de necessario tales inferunt tales universales de necessario, nisi in singularibus subiciantur pronomina demonstrativa sumpta cum subiecto propositionis universalis. Unde posito quod quaelibet persona divina assumpsisset naturam humanam et quod nullus alius homo esset exsistens, ista consequentia non valeret `istum esse Deum est necessarium, demonstrando Patrem, qui in rei veritate esset homo; et illum esse Deum est necessarium, demonstrando Filium; et illum esse Deum est necessarium, demonstrando Spiritum Sanctum; igitur omnem hominem esse Deum est necessarium&amp;#039;, quia antecedens esset verum, illo casu posito, et consequens falsum.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|Et quia aliter est de diversis, ideo dicendum est de eis separatim. Et primo circa illas de necessario. Et est sciendum quod non semper singulares de necessario tales inferunt tales universales de necessario, nisi in singularibus subiciantur pronomina demonstrativa sumpta cum subiecto propositionis universalis. Unde posito quod quaelibet persona divina assumpsisset naturam humanam et quod nullus alius homo esset exsistens, ista consequentia non valeret `istum esse Deum est necessarium, demonstrando Patrem, qui in rei veritate esset homo; et illum esse Deum est necessarium, demonstrando Filium; et illum esse Deum est necessarium, demonstrando Spiritum Sanctum; igitur omnem hominem esse Deum est necessarium&amp;#039;, quia antecedens esset verum, illo casu posito, et consequens falsum.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Ragnarr49</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>http://logicmuseum.com/x/index.php?title=Authors/Ockham/Summa_Logicae/Book_III-3/Chapter_34&amp;diff=13311&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>Edward Ockham at 14:26, 13 June 2015</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://logicmuseum.com/x/index.php?title=Authors/Ockham/Summa_Logicae/Book_III-3/Chapter_34&amp;diff=13311&amp;oldid=prev"/>
		<updated>2015-06-13T14:26:32Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;New page&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div&gt;{{Nextpage|[[../Chapter 33|Chapter 33]]|[[../Chapter 35|Chapter 35]]}}&lt;br /&gt;
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{| border=1 cellpadding=10&lt;br /&gt;
!valign = top width=45%|Latin&lt;br /&gt;
!valign = top width=55%|English&lt;br /&gt;
|- valign = top&lt;br /&gt;
|CAP. 34. QUOMODO SINGULARES DE MODO IN SENSU COMPOSITIONIS SE HABENT AD UNIVERSALES DE MODO IN SENSU COMPOSITIONIS. &lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
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|His visis videndum est quomodo singulares de modo sumptae in sensu compositionis et eis aequivalentes se habent ad universales de modo sumptas in sensu compositionis et eis aequivalentes.&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|- valign = top&lt;br /&gt;
|Et quia aliter est de diversis, ideo dicendum est de eis separatim. Et primo circa illas de necessario. Et est sciendum quod non semper singulares de necessario tales inferunt tales universales de necessario, nisi in singularibus subiciantur pronomina demonstrativa sumpta cum subiecto propositionis universalis. Unde posito quod quaelibet persona divina assumpsisset naturam humanam et quod nullus alius homo esset exsistens, ista consequentia non valeret `istum esse Deum est necessarium, demonstrando Patrem, qui in rei veritate esset homo; et illum esse Deum est necessarium, demonstrando Filium; et illum esse Deum est necessarium, demonstrando Spiritum Sanctum; igitur omnem hominem esse Deum est necessarium&amp;#039;, quia antecedens esset verum, illo casu posito, et consequens falsum.&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|- valign = top&lt;br /&gt;
|Et tamen, illo posito, ista consequentia esset bona `istum hominem esse Deum est necessarium&amp;#039;, denotando Patrem; `et illum hominem esse Deum est necessarium&amp;#039;, denotando Filium; `et illum hominem esse Deum est necessarium&amp;#039;, denotando Spiritum Sanctum; `igitur omnem hominem esse Deum est necessarium&amp;#039;, ex inductione.&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|- valign = top&lt;br /&gt;
|Et hoc, si non possent esse plures homines.&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|- valign = top&lt;br /&gt;
|Quandocumque enim possunt plura contineri sub subiecto universalis quam continentur in inductione, non valet talis consequentia virtute talis inductionis. Sic igitur patet quod raro vel numquam singulares de necessario, habentes praecise pronomina demonstrativa pro subiectis, sumptae in sensu compositionis, inferunt universalem sumptam in sensu compositionis. Et hoc, quia ista regula non est generaliter vera `omnes singulares sunt necessariae, igitur universalis est necessaria&amp;#039;.&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|- valign = top&lt;br /&gt;
|Similiter, talis universalis de necessario non infert tales singulares; et hoc, quia ista regula non est generalis `universalis est necessaria, igitur singulares sunt necessariae&amp;#039;. Unde ista universalis est necessaria `omne verum contingens est verum&amp;#039;, et tamen nulla singularis est necessaria, immo quaelibet est contingens, {{p|718}} quia quocumque vero contingenti demonstrato haec est contingens `hoc verum contingens est verum&amp;#039;, quia eo ipso quod est verum contingens, potest esse falsum, et per consequens potest non esse verum, et ita non est illa prima necessaria.&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|- valign = top&lt;br /&gt;
|Similiter, secundum intentionem Philosophi, haec est necessaria `omne album est coloratum&amp;#039;, et tamen quaelibet singularis est contingens; quocumque enim demonstrato haec est contingens `hoc album est coloratum&amp;#039;, quia poterit esse falsa illo destructo.&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|- valign = top&lt;br /&gt;
|Tamen sciendum est quod aliqualis diversitas est inter universalem affirmativam et negativam, nam ex hoc quod universalis affirmativa est necessaria non potest inferri quod singulares, sive de subiectis quae sunt pronomina demonstrativa sive aliae, sint necessariae.&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|- valign = top&lt;br /&gt;
|Sed si universalis negativa sit necessaria, quamvis non oporteat quod illae singulares quae habent pro subiectis pronomina demonstrativa tantum vel nomina propria sint necessariae, tamen oportet quod illae singulares quae habent pro subiectis pronomina demonstrativa sumpta cum subiecto propositionis universalis sint necessariae.&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|- valign = top&lt;br /&gt;
|Sicut haec est necessaria `nullum album est nigrum&amp;#039;, et tamen nulla talis singularis est necessaria `hoc non est nigrum&amp;#039;, denotato quocumque albo, nec aliqua talis `Sortes non est niger&amp;#039;, `Plato non est niger&amp;#039;; sed quaelibet talis est necessaria `hoc album non est nigrum&amp;#039;, `illud album non est nigrum&amp;#039;, et sic de aliis.&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
==Notes==&lt;br /&gt;
{{reflist}}&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Untranslated]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Edward Ockham</name></author>
	</entry>
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