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	<title>Authors/Ockham/Summa Logicae/Book III-3/Chapter 2 - Revision history</title>
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	<updated>2026-10-23T19:52:33Z</updated>
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		<id>http://logicmuseum.com/x/index.php?title=Authors/Ockham/Summa_Logicae/Book_III-3/Chapter_2&amp;diff=16504&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>Ragnarr49 at 00:10, 22 April 2025</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://logicmuseum.com/x/index.php?title=Authors/Ockham/Summa_Logicae/Book_III-3/Chapter_2&amp;diff=16504&amp;oldid=prev"/>
		<updated>2025-04-22T00:10:00Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;table style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122;&quot; data-mw=&quot;interface&quot;&gt;
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				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;← Older revision&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Revision as of 19:10, 21 April 2025&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l23&quot;&gt;Line 23:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 23:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|- valign=&amp;quot;top&amp;quot;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|- valign=&amp;quot;top&amp;quot;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;| Unus casus excipitur, scilicet quando tam antecedens quam consequens sunt de possibili vel de contingenti, accepto subiecto utriusque pro eo quod potest vel pro eo quod contingit; quia in tali generaliter est consequentia simplex, quia quando illa propositio in qua praedicatur superius de inferiori est vera, {{p|592}} tunc est consequentia bona, quando illa propositio est falsa, tunc consequentia non valet.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;| Unus casus excipitur, scilicet quando tam antecedens quam consequens sunt de possibili vel de contingenti, accepto subiecto utriusque pro eo quod potest vel pro eo quod contingit; quia in tali generaliter est consequentia simplex, quia quando illa propositio in qua praedicatur superius de inferiori est vera, {{p|592}} tunc est consequentia bona, quando illa propositio est falsa, tunc consequentia non valet.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;| One case is accepted, namely, when both the antecedent and the consequent are &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;of the possible &lt;/del&gt;or &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;of the contingent&lt;/del&gt;, the subject of both being accepted for that which is possible or for that which happens; because in such a case the conclusion is generally simple, because when that proposition in which the superior is predicated of the inferior is true, then the inference is good, when that proposition is false, then the inference is invalid.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;| One case is accepted, namely, when both the antecedent and the consequent are &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;de possibili &lt;/ins&gt;or &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;de contingenti&lt;/ins&gt;, the subject of both being accepted for that which is possible or for that which happens; because in such a case the conclusion is generally simple, because when that proposition in which the superior is predicated of the inferior is true, then the inference is good, when that proposition is false, then the inference is invalid.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|- valign=&amp;quot;top&amp;quot;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|- valign=&amp;quot;top&amp;quot;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;| Unde tales consequentiae sunt simplices `omne ens est in actu, igitur omnis Deus est in actu&amp;#039;; `omne suppositum est substantia, igitur omne divinum suppositum est substantia&amp;#039;, quia omnes tales sunt necessariae `omnis Deus est ens&amp;#039;, `omne suppositum divinum est suppositum&amp;#039;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;| Unde tales consequentiae sunt simplices `omne ens est in actu, igitur omnis Deus est in actu&amp;#039;; `omne suppositum est substantia, igitur omne divinum suppositum est substantia&amp;#039;, quia omnes tales sunt necessariae `omnis Deus est ens&amp;#039;, `omne suppositum divinum est suppositum&amp;#039;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l67&quot;&gt;Line 67:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 67:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;| However, all the consequences in which the predicate cannot apply to a non-being but only to a being are simple. But first, which has been said, is to be understood if the subject in such a proposition cannot be taken except for what it is, otherwise it would not be true; but speaking of the property in the second mode, so the consequence is simple either way.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;| However, all the consequences in which the predicate cannot apply to a non-being but only to a being are simple. But first, which has been said, is to be understood if the subject in such a proposition cannot be taken except for what it is, otherwise it would not be true; but speaking of the property in the second mode, so the consequence is simple either way.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|- valign=&amp;quot;top&amp;quot;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|- valign=&amp;quot;top&amp;quot;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;| Sciendum est etiam quod istae regulae habent intelligi in propositionibus de inesse et de modo sumptis in sensu divisionis vel eis aequivalentibus et non in illis de modo sumptis in sensu compositionis.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;| Sciendum est etiam quod istae regulae habent intelligi in &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt; &lt;/ins&gt;propositionibus de inesse et de modo sumptis in sensu divisionis vel eis aequivalentibus et non in illis de modo sumptis in sensu compositionis.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;| It must also be known that these rules are to be understood in &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;the &lt;/del&gt;propositions &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;of being &lt;/del&gt;and of a mode taken in the sense of division or their equivalents, and not in those of a mode taken in the sense of composition.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;| It must also be known that these rules are to be understood in &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;assertoric &lt;/ins&gt;propositions and of a mode taken in the sense of division or their equivalents, and not in those of a mode taken in the sense of composition.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|- valign=&amp;quot;top&amp;quot;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|- valign=&amp;quot;top&amp;quot;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;| In talibus enim non sunt generaliter verae; sicut non valet `omne ens esse in actu est necessarium, igitur omnem hominem esse in actu est necessarium&amp;#039;; nec sequitur `omne animal esse asinum est contingens, igitur omnem hominem esse asinum est contingens&amp;#039;; nec sequitur `omne verum esse necessarium est impossibile, igitur omne necessarium esse verum est impossibile&amp;#039;; nec sequitur `omnem hominem esse animal est per se primo modo, igitur omne risibile esse animal est per se primo modo; nec sequitur `omnem figuram planam etc. habere tres etc. est indemonstrabile, igitur triangulum habere tres etc. est indemonstrabile&amp;#039;, nam in omnibus praedictis antecedentia sunt vera et consequentia falsa.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;| In talibus enim non sunt generaliter verae; sicut non valet `omne ens esse in actu est necessarium, igitur omnem hominem esse in actu est necessarium&amp;#039;; nec sequitur `omne animal esse asinum est contingens, igitur omnem hominem esse asinum est contingens&amp;#039;; nec sequitur `omne verum esse necessarium est impossibile, igitur omne necessarium esse verum est impossibile&amp;#039;; nec sequitur `omnem hominem esse animal est per se primo modo, igitur omne risibile esse animal est per se primo modo; nec sequitur `omnem figuram planam etc. habere tres etc. est indemonstrabile, igitur triangulum habere tres etc. est indemonstrabile&amp;#039;, nam in omnibus praedictis antecedentia sunt vera et consequentia falsa.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Ragnarr49</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
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		<title>Ragnarr49 at 21:02, 23 March 2025</title>
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		<updated>2025-03-23T21:02:11Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
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		<author><name>Ragnarr49</name></author>
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		<title>Ragnarr49 at 18:02, 15 February 2025</title>
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		<updated>2025-02-15T18:02:47Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
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				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;← Older revision&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Revision as of 13:02, 15 February 2025&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l8&quot;&gt;Line 8:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 8:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|- valign=&amp;quot;top&amp;quot;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|- valign=&amp;quot;top&amp;quot;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|{{p|591}} CAP. 2. DE REGULIS GENERALIBUS PER QUAS TENENT CONSEQUENTIAE PER MEDIUM INTRINSECUM ET CONCLUDUNT UNIVERSALEM.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|{{p|591}} CAP. 2. DE REGULIS GENERALIBUS PER QUAS TENENT CONSEQUENTIAE PER MEDIUM INTRINSECUM ET CONCLUDUNT UNIVERSALEM.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;| On the general rules by which consequences hold through an intrensic medium and conclude a universal.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;| &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Chapter 2. &lt;/ins&gt;On the general rules by which consequences hold through an intrensic medium and conclude a universal.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|- valign=&amp;quot;top&amp;quot;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|- valign=&amp;quot;top&amp;quot;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;| Istis visis dicendum est de regulis generalibus per quas tenent consequentiae. Et primo de regulis per quas tenent consequentiae quae tenent per medium intrinsecum. Circa quod primo dicendum est de regulis per quas tenent consequentiae concludentes conclusionem universalem affirmativam ex affirmativa, in qua termini praecise supponunt significative et personaliter. Est autem prima regula talis `a superiori distributo ad inferius distributum est consequentia bona&amp;#039;, sicut sequitur `omne animal currit, igitur omnis homo currit&amp;#039;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;| Istis visis dicendum est de regulis generalibus per quas tenent consequentiae. Et primo de regulis per quas tenent consequentiae quae tenent per medium intrinsecum. Circa quod primo dicendum est de regulis per quas tenent consequentiae concludentes conclusionem universalem affirmativam ex affirmativa, in qua termini praecise supponunt significative et personaliter. Est autem prima regula talis `a superiori distributo ad inferius distributum est consequentia bona&amp;#039;, sicut sequitur `omne animal currit, igitur omnis homo currit&amp;#039;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Ragnarr49</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>http://logicmuseum.com/x/index.php?title=Authors/Ockham/Summa_Logicae/Book_III-3/Chapter_2&amp;diff=15542&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>Ragnarr49 at 01:46, 13 February 2025</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://logicmuseum.com/x/index.php?title=Authors/Ockham/Summa_Logicae/Book_III-3/Chapter_2&amp;diff=15542&amp;oldid=prev"/>
		<updated>2025-02-13T01:46:17Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
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				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;← Older revision&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Revision as of 20:46, 12 February 2025&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l107&quot;&gt;Line 107:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 107:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;{{reflist}}&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;{{reflist}}&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;[[Category:Translated]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;[[Category:Translated &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;but not checked&lt;/ins&gt;]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Ragnarr49</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>http://logicmuseum.com/x/index.php?title=Authors/Ockham/Summa_Logicae/Book_III-3/Chapter_2&amp;diff=15541&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>Ragnarr49 at 01:45, 13 February 2025</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://logicmuseum.com/x/index.php?title=Authors/Ockham/Summa_Logicae/Book_III-3/Chapter_2&amp;diff=15541&amp;oldid=prev"/>
		<updated>2025-02-13T01:45:15Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;table style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122;&quot; data-mw=&quot;interface&quot;&gt;
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				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;← Older revision&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Revision as of 20:45, 12 February 2025&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l107&quot;&gt;Line 107:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 107:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;{{reflist}}&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;{{reflist}}&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;[[Category:&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Untranslated&lt;/del&gt;]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;[[Category:&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Translated&lt;/ins&gt;]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Ragnarr49</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>http://logicmuseum.com/x/index.php?title=Authors/Ockham/Summa_Logicae/Book_III-3/Chapter_2&amp;diff=15540&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>Ragnarr49 at 01:44, 13 February 2025</title>
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		<updated>2025-02-13T01:44:21Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;http://logicmuseum.com/x/index.php?title=Authors/Ockham/Summa_Logicae/Book_III-3/Chapter_2&amp;amp;diff=15540&amp;amp;oldid=15539&quot;&gt;Show changes&lt;/a&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Ragnarr49</name></author>
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	<entry>
		<id>http://logicmuseum.com/x/index.php?title=Authors/Ockham/Summa_Logicae/Book_III-3/Chapter_2&amp;diff=15539&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>Ragnarr49 at 23:11, 9 February 2025</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://logicmuseum.com/x/index.php?title=Authors/Ockham/Summa_Logicae/Book_III-3/Chapter_2&amp;diff=15539&amp;oldid=prev"/>
		<updated>2025-02-09T23:11:47Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;table style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122;&quot; data-mw=&quot;interface&quot;&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; /&gt;
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				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;← Older revision&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Revision as of 18:11, 9 February 2025&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l17&quot;&gt;Line 17:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 17:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|- valign=&amp;quot;top&amp;quot;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|- valign=&amp;quot;top&amp;quot;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;| Tamen contingit inferre omne aliud inferius praeter partem extra captam et praeter contenta sub parte extra capta; et ideo bene sequitur `omne animal praeter hominem currit, igitur omnis asinus currit&amp;#039;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;| Tamen contingit inferre omne aliud inferius praeter partem extra captam et praeter contenta sub parte extra capta; et ideo bene sequitur `omne animal praeter hominem currit, igitur omnis asinus currit&amp;#039;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;| &amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;| &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;However, it is possible to bring everything else below except the part taken outside, and besides the contents under the part taken outside; and therefore it follows well that every animal except man runs, therefore every donkey runs.&lt;/ins&gt;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|- valign=&amp;quot;top&amp;quot;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|- valign=&amp;quot;top&amp;quot;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;| Secundo sciendum quod talis consequentia tenens per istam regulam aliquando est consequentia simplex, aliquando consequentia ut nunc. Quando enim praedicatio superioris de inferiori est necessaria, tunc est consequentia simplex; quando autem praedicatio superioris de inferiori est contingens, tunc est consequentia ut nunc solum.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;| Secundo sciendum quod talis consequentia tenens per istam regulam aliquando est consequentia simplex, aliquando consequentia ut nunc. Quando enim praedicatio superioris de inferiori est necessaria, tunc est consequentia simplex; quando autem praedicatio superioris de inferiori est contingens, tunc est consequentia ut nunc solum.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;| &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Secondly, it must be known that such a consequence holding by this rule is sometimes a simple consequence, sometimes a consequence for now. For when the predication of the superior from the inferior is necessary, then the consequence is simple; But when the predication of the superior is contingent on the inferior, then the consequence is for now only.&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|- valign=&amp;quot;top&amp;quot;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|- valign=&amp;quot;top&amp;quot;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;| Unus casus excipitur, scilicet quando tam antecedens quam consequens sunt de possibili vel de contingenti, accepto subiecto utriusque pro eo quod potest vel pro eo quod contingit; quia in tali generaliter est consequentia simplex, quia quando illa propositio in qua praedicatur superius de inferiori est vera, {{p|592}} tunc est consequentia bona, quando illa propositio est falsa, tunc consequentia non valet.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;| Unus casus excipitur, scilicet quando tam antecedens quam consequens sunt de possibili vel de contingenti, accepto subiecto utriusque pro eo quod potest vel pro eo quod contingit; quia in tali generaliter est consequentia simplex, quia quando illa propositio in qua praedicatur superius de inferiori est vera, {{p|592}} tunc est consequentia bona, quando illa propositio est falsa, tunc consequentia non valet.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;| &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;One case is accepted, namely, when both the antecedent and the consequent are of the possible or of the contingent, the subject of both being accepted for that which is possible or for that which happens; because in such a case the conclusion is generally simple, because when that proposition in which the superior is predicated of the inferior is true, then the inference is good, when that proposition is false, then the inference is invalid.&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|- valign=&amp;quot;top&amp;quot;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|- valign=&amp;quot;top&amp;quot;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;| Unde tales consequentiae sunt simplices `omne ens est in actu, igitur omnis Deus est in actu&amp;#039;; `omne suppositum est substantia, igitur omne divinum suppositum est substantia&amp;#039;, quia omnes tales sunt necessariae `omnis Deus est ens&amp;#039;, `omne suppositum divinum est suppositum&amp;#039;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;| Unde tales consequentiae sunt simplices `omne ens est in actu, igitur omnis Deus est in actu&amp;#039;; `omne suppositum est substantia, igitur omne divinum suppositum est substantia&amp;#039;, quia omnes tales sunt necessariae `omnis Deus est ens&amp;#039;, `omne suppositum divinum est suppositum&amp;#039;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;| &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Whence such simple consequences are, `every being is in act, therefore every God is in act&amp;#039;; `every suppositum is substance, therefore every divine suppositum is substance&amp;#039;, because all such things are necessary.&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|- valign=&amp;quot;top&amp;quot;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|- valign=&amp;quot;top&amp;quot;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;| Sed tales consequentiae sunt ut nunc solum `omne animal est substantia, igitur omnis homo est substantia&amp;#039;; `omnis homo currit, igitur omnis homo albus currit&amp;#039;, quia tales sunt contingentes `homo est animal&amp;#039;, `homo albus est homo&amp;#039; et huiusmodi.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;| Sed tales consequentiae sunt ut nunc solum `omne animal est substantia, igitur omnis homo est substantia&amp;#039;; `omnis homo currit, igitur omnis homo albus currit&amp;#039;, quia tales sunt contingentes `homo est animal&amp;#039;, `homo albus est homo&amp;#039; et huiusmodi.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;| &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;But the consequences are such that now only &amp;#039;every animal is substance, therefore every man is substance&amp;#039;; `every man runs, therefore every white man runs&amp;#039;, because such are the contingents `a man is an animal&amp;#039;, `a white man is a man&amp;#039; and the like.&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|- valign=&amp;quot;top&amp;quot;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|- valign=&amp;quot;top&amp;quot;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;| Ex isto sequuntur aliqua.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;| Ex isto sequuntur aliqua.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;| &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;From this other things follow.&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|- valign=&amp;quot;top&amp;quot;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|- valign=&amp;quot;top&amp;quot;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;| Unum est quod non magis est haec consequentia simplex `omne animal currit, igitur omnis homo currit&amp;#039; quam ista `omne animal currit, igitur omnis homo albus currit&amp;#039;, nisi forte quia in pluribus est una bona quam alia.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;| Unum est quod non magis est haec consequentia simplex `omne animal currit, igitur omnis homo currit&amp;#039; quam ista `omne animal currit, igitur omnis homo albus currit&amp;#039;, nisi forte quia in pluribus est una bona quam alia.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Ragnarr49</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>http://logicmuseum.com/x/index.php?title=Authors/Ockham/Summa_Logicae/Book_III-3/Chapter_2&amp;diff=15538&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>Ragnarr49 at 23:03, 9 February 2025</title>
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		<updated>2025-02-09T23:03:42Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;table style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122;&quot; data-mw=&quot;interface&quot;&gt;
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				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;← Older revision&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Revision as of 18:03, 9 February 2025&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l11&quot;&gt;Line 11:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 11:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|- valign=&amp;quot;top&amp;quot;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|- valign=&amp;quot;top&amp;quot;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;| Istis visis dicendum est de regulis generalibus per quas tenent consequentiae. Et primo de regulis per quas tenent consequentiae quae tenent per medium intrinsecum. Circa quod primo dicendum est de regulis per quas tenent consequentiae concludentes conclusionem universalem affirmativam ex affirmativa, in qua termini praecise supponunt significative et personaliter. Est autem prima regula talis `a superiori distributo ad inferius distributum est consequentia bona&amp;#039;, sicut sequitur `omne animal currit, igitur omnis homo currit&amp;#039;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;| Istis visis dicendum est de regulis generalibus per quas tenent consequentiae. Et primo de regulis per quas tenent consequentiae quae tenent per medium intrinsecum. Circa quod primo dicendum est de regulis per quas tenent consequentiae concludentes conclusionem universalem affirmativam ex affirmativa, in qua termini praecise supponunt significative et personaliter. Est autem prima regula talis `a superiori distributo ad inferius distributum est consequentia bona&amp;#039;, sicut sequitur `omne animal currit, igitur omnis homo currit&amp;#039;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;| &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt; &lt;/del&gt;With these views it is necessary to speak of the general rules by which the consequences hold. And in the first place concerning the rules by which the consequences which they hold by internsic means. Concerning the first thing we must say about the rules by which the inferences hold, concluding a universal affirmative conclusion from the affirmative, in which terms they presuppose precisely in a significant and personal way. Now the first rule is as follows: `distributed from the superior to the inferior is a good consequence&amp;#039;, as it follows that `every animal runs, therefore every man runs&amp;#039;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;| With these views it is necessary to speak of the general rules by which the consequences hold. And in the first place concerning the rules by which the consequences which they hold by internsic means. Concerning the first thing we must say about the rules by which the inferences hold, concluding a universal affirmative conclusion from the affirmative, in which terms they presuppose precisely in a significant and personal way. Now the first rule is as follows: `distributed from the superior to the inferior is a good consequence&amp;#039;, as it follows that `every animal runs, therefore every man runs&amp;#039;.&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt; &lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|- valign=&amp;quot;top&amp;quot;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|- valign=&amp;quot;top&amp;quot;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;| Circa istam regulam est primo sciendum quod ista regula debet intelligi quando illa universalis affirmativa non est exceptiva nec aequivalens ei. Et ideo ista consequentia non valet `omne animal praeter hominem currit, igitur omnis homo currit&amp;#039;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;| Circa istam regulam est primo sciendum quod ista regula debet intelligi quando illa universalis affirmativa non est exceptiva nec aequivalens ei. Et ideo ista consequentia non valet `omne animal praeter hominem currit, igitur omnis homo currit&amp;#039;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;| &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt; &lt;/del&gt;Regarding this rule it is first to be known that this rule must be understood when the universal affirmative is neither exceptional nor equivalent to it. And therefore this conclusion does not hold: &amp;#039;every animal runs except man, therefore every man runs&amp;#039;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;| Regarding this rule it is first to be known that this rule must be understood when the universal affirmative is neither exceptional nor equivalent to it. And therefore this conclusion does not hold: &amp;#039;every animal runs except man, therefore every man runs&amp;#039;.&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|- valign=&amp;quot;top&amp;quot;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|- valign=&amp;quot;top&amp;quot;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;| Tamen contingit inferre omne aliud inferius praeter partem extra captam et praeter contenta sub parte extra capta; et ideo bene sequitur `omne animal praeter hominem currit, igitur omnis asinus currit&amp;#039;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;| Tamen contingit inferre omne aliud inferius praeter partem extra captam et praeter contenta sub parte extra capta; et ideo bene sequitur `omne animal praeter hominem currit, igitur omnis asinus currit&amp;#039;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Ragnarr49</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>http://logicmuseum.com/x/index.php?title=Authors/Ockham/Summa_Logicae/Book_III-3/Chapter_2&amp;diff=15537&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>Ragnarr49 at 23:02, 9 February 2025</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://logicmuseum.com/x/index.php?title=Authors/Ockham/Summa_Logicae/Book_III-3/Chapter_2&amp;diff=15537&amp;oldid=prev"/>
		<updated>2025-02-09T23:02:28Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;table style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122;&quot; data-mw=&quot;interface&quot;&gt;
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				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;← Older revision&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Revision as of 18:02, 9 February 2025&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l8&quot;&gt;Line 8:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 8:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|- valign=&amp;quot;top&amp;quot;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|- valign=&amp;quot;top&amp;quot;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|{{p|591}} CAP. 2. DE REGULIS GENERALIBUS PER QUAS TENENT CONSEQUENTIAE PER MEDIUM INTRINSECUM ET CONCLUDUNT UNIVERSALEM.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|{{p|591}} CAP. 2. DE REGULIS GENERALIBUS PER QUAS TENENT CONSEQUENTIAE PER MEDIUM INTRINSECUM ET CONCLUDUNT UNIVERSALEM.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;| &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;On the general rules by which consequences hold through an intrensic medium and conclude a universal.&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|- valign=&amp;quot;top&amp;quot;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|- valign=&amp;quot;top&amp;quot;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;| Istis visis dicendum est de regulis generalibus per quas tenent consequentiae. Et primo de regulis per quas tenent consequentiae quae tenent per medium intrinsecum. Circa quod primo dicendum est de regulis per quas tenent consequentiae concludentes conclusionem universalem affirmativam ex affirmativa, in qua termini praecise supponunt significative et personaliter. Est autem prima regula talis `a superiori distributo ad inferius distributum est consequentia bona&amp;#039;, sicut sequitur `omne animal currit, igitur omnis homo currit&amp;#039;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;| Istis visis dicendum est de regulis generalibus per quas tenent consequentiae. Et primo de regulis per quas tenent consequentiae quae tenent per medium intrinsecum. Circa quod primo dicendum est de regulis per quas tenent consequentiae concludentes conclusionem universalem affirmativam ex affirmativa, in qua termini praecise supponunt significative et personaliter. Est autem prima regula talis `a superiori distributo ad inferius distributum est consequentia bona&amp;#039;, sicut sequitur `omne animal currit, igitur omnis homo currit&amp;#039;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;| &amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;| &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;With these views it is necessary to speak of the general rules by which the consequences hold. And in the first place concerning the rules by which the consequences which they hold by internsic means. Concerning the first thing we must say about the rules by which the inferences hold, concluding a universal affirmative conclusion from the affirmative, in which terms they presuppose precisely in a significant and personal way. Now the first rule is as follows: `distributed from the superior to the inferior is a good consequence&amp;#039;, as it follows that `every animal runs, therefore every man runs&amp;#039;.&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|- valign=&amp;quot;top&amp;quot;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|- valign=&amp;quot;top&amp;quot;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;| Circa istam regulam est primo sciendum quod ista regula debet intelligi quando illa universalis affirmativa non est exceptiva nec aequivalens ei. Et ideo ista consequentia non valet `omne animal praeter hominem currit, igitur omnis homo currit&amp;#039;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;| Circa istam regulam est primo sciendum quod ista regula debet intelligi quando illa universalis affirmativa non est exceptiva nec aequivalens ei. Et ideo ista consequentia non valet `omne animal praeter hominem currit, igitur omnis homo currit&amp;#039;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;| &amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;| &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Regarding this rule it is first to be known that this rule must be understood when the universal affirmative is neither exceptional nor equivalent to it. And therefore this conclusion does not hold: &amp;#039;every animal runs except man, therefore every man runs&amp;#039;.&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|- valign=&amp;quot;top&amp;quot;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|- valign=&amp;quot;top&amp;quot;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;| Tamen contingit inferre omne aliud inferius praeter partem extra captam et praeter contenta sub parte extra capta; et ideo bene sequitur `omne animal praeter hominem currit, igitur omnis asinus currit&amp;#039;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;| Tamen contingit inferre omne aliud inferius praeter partem extra captam et praeter contenta sub parte extra capta; et ideo bene sequitur `omne animal praeter hominem currit, igitur omnis asinus currit&amp;#039;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Ragnarr49</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>http://logicmuseum.com/x/index.php?title=Authors/Ockham/Summa_Logicae/Book_III-3/Chapter_2&amp;diff=13273&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>Edward Ockham at 11:33, 13 June 2015</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://logicmuseum.com/x/index.php?title=Authors/Ockham/Summa_Logicae/Book_III-3/Chapter_2&amp;diff=13273&amp;oldid=prev"/>
		<updated>2015-06-13T11:33:07Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;New page&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div&gt;{{Nextpage|[[../Chapter 1|Chapter 1]]|[[../Chapter 3|Chapter 3]]}}&lt;br /&gt;
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|{{p|591}} CAP. 2. DE REGULIS GENERALIBUS PER QUAS TENENT CONSEQUENTIAE PER MEDIUM INTRINSECUM ET CONCLUDUNT UNIVERSALEM.&lt;br /&gt;
| &lt;br /&gt;
|- valign=&amp;quot;top&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
| Istis visis dicendum est de regulis generalibus per quas tenent consequentiae. Et primo de regulis per quas tenent consequentiae quae tenent per medium intrinsecum. Circa quod primo dicendum est de regulis per quas tenent consequentiae concludentes conclusionem universalem affirmativam ex affirmativa, in qua termini praecise supponunt significative et personaliter. Est autem prima regula talis `a superiori distributo ad inferius distributum est consequentia bona&amp;#039;, sicut sequitur `omne animal currit, igitur omnis homo currit&amp;#039;.&lt;br /&gt;
| &amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|- valign=&amp;quot;top&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
| Circa istam regulam est primo sciendum quod ista regula debet intelligi quando illa universalis affirmativa non est exceptiva nec aequivalens ei. Et ideo ista consequentia non valet `omne animal praeter hominem currit, igitur omnis homo currit&amp;#039;.&lt;br /&gt;
| &amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|- valign=&amp;quot;top&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
| Tamen contingit inferre omne aliud inferius praeter partem extra captam et praeter contenta sub parte extra capta; et ideo bene sequitur `omne animal praeter hominem currit, igitur omnis asinus currit&amp;#039;.&lt;br /&gt;
| &amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|- valign=&amp;quot;top&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
| Secundo sciendum quod talis consequentia tenens per istam regulam aliquando est consequentia simplex, aliquando consequentia ut nunc. Quando enim praedicatio superioris de inferiori est necessaria, tunc est consequentia simplex; quando autem praedicatio superioris de inferiori est contingens, tunc est consequentia ut nunc solum.&lt;br /&gt;
| &lt;br /&gt;
|- valign=&amp;quot;top&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
| Unus casus excipitur, scilicet quando tam antecedens quam consequens sunt de possibili vel de contingenti, accepto subiecto utriusque pro eo quod potest vel pro eo quod contingit; quia in tali generaliter est consequentia simplex, quia quando illa propositio in qua praedicatur superius de inferiori est vera, {{p|592}} tunc est consequentia bona, quando illa propositio est falsa, tunc consequentia non valet.&lt;br /&gt;
| &lt;br /&gt;
|- valign=&amp;quot;top&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
| Unde tales consequentiae sunt simplices `omne ens est in actu, igitur omnis Deus est in actu&amp;#039;; `omne suppositum est substantia, igitur omne divinum suppositum est substantia&amp;#039;, quia omnes tales sunt necessariae `omnis Deus est ens&amp;#039;, `omne suppositum divinum est suppositum&amp;#039;.&lt;br /&gt;
| &lt;br /&gt;
|- valign=&amp;quot;top&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
| Sed tales consequentiae sunt ut nunc solum `omne animal est substantia, igitur omnis homo est substantia&amp;#039;; `omnis homo currit, igitur omnis homo albus currit&amp;#039;, quia tales sunt contingentes `homo est animal&amp;#039;, `homo albus est homo&amp;#039; et huiusmodi.&lt;br /&gt;
| &lt;br /&gt;
|- valign=&amp;quot;top&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
| Ex isto sequuntur aliqua.&lt;br /&gt;
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| Unum est quod non magis est haec consequentia simplex `omne animal currit, igitur omnis homo currit&amp;#039; quam ista `omne animal currit, igitur omnis homo albus currit&amp;#039;, nisi forte quia in pluribus est una bona quam alia.&lt;br /&gt;
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| Aliud sequitur: quod omnes tales consequentiae sunt bonae `omne animal est ens per se, igitur omnis homo albus est ens per se&amp;#039;; `omnis materia est prior forma, igitur omnis materia informata forma ignis est prior forma ignis&amp;#039;; `omnis homo potest esse sine albedine, igitur omnis homo albus potest esse sine albedine&amp;#039;; `omne ens est per se in genere, igitur omne album est per se in genere&amp;#039; et huiusmodi, quae tamen negantur a multis modernis.&lt;br /&gt;
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| Alia regula est quod a definito distributo ad definitionem distributam est bona consequentia et e converso; sicut sequitur `omne animal rationale mortale est animal, ergo omnis homo est animal&amp;#039;, et e converso.&lt;br /&gt;
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| Alia regula est quod a descriptione distributa ad descriptum distributum est bona consequentia et e converso; sicut sequitur `omne animal gressibile bipes est substantia, igitur omnis homo est substantia&amp;#039;, et e converso.&lt;br /&gt;
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| {{p|593}} Alia regula est quod a nominis interpretatione distributa ad nomen distributum est bona consequentia et e converso; sicut sequitur `omnis amator sapientiae est studiosus, igitur omnis philosophus est studiosus&amp;#039;.&lt;br /&gt;
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| Sciendum est quod omnes praedictae regulae intelligendae sunt quando nulla determinatio ponitur in antecedente nisi quae ponitur in consequente et e converso. Aliud est sciendum: quod praedictae regulae intelligendae sunt quando termini supponunt personaliter et significative.&lt;br /&gt;
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| Et ideo tales consequentiae non valent `‘‘omne animal est unum compositum ex signo universali et genere&amp;#039;, igitur ``omnis homo est unum compositum ex signo universali et genere&amp;#039;; `‘‘omne animal rationale est unum compositum ex signo universali et definitione, igitur ``omnis homo est unum compositum etc.&amp;#039;, et sic de consimilibus, si subiecta antecedentium non supponant personaliter et significative sed materialiter vel simpliciter.&lt;br /&gt;
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| Et ideo omnes consequentiae tales non sunt simplices. Alia regula est quod ab uno convertibilium distributo ad relinquunt distributum est bona consequentia et e converso; sicut sequitur `omne creativum est, igitur omnis Deus est&amp;#039; et e converso. Sciendum est quod ista debet intelligi, sicut ceterae, quando scilicet termini supponunt personaliter et significative. Secundo sciendum est quod `proprium&amp;#039; non est nisi unum praedicabile de altero, et tale praedicabile praedicatur aliquando tam de ente quam de non ente; sicut si `risibile&amp;#039; sit idem quod `potens ridere&amp;#039;, praedicabitur de homine, sive homo sit sive non sit. Unde sicut haec est vera homine exsistente `homo est risibilis&amp;#039; vel `homo potest ridere&amp;#039;, ita erit haec vera homine non exsistente `homo est risibilis&amp;#039;, sumpto subiecto pro eo quod potest esse. Aliquando autem proprium non potest prae{{p|594}}dicari nisi de ente, nec supponere nisi pro ente.&lt;br /&gt;
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| Primo modo accipiendo proprium, verum est quod ab uno convertibilium distributo ad aliud distributum est bona consequentia, sed ab uno est consequentia simplex et ab alio consequentia `ut nunc&amp;#039;.&lt;br /&gt;
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| Sicut haec est consequentia simplex `omnis homo potest esse, igitur omne risibile potest esse&amp;#039;; haec autem est consequentia ut nunc `omne risibile est possibile, igitur omnis homo est possibilis&amp;#039;.&lt;br /&gt;
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| Tamen omnes consequentiae in quibus praedicatum non potest competere non-enti sed solum enti sunt simplices. Primum autem, quod dictum est, intelligendum est si subiectum in tali propositione non potest accipi nisi pro his quae sunt, aliter non esset verum; sed loquendo de proprio secundo modo dicto, sic est consequentia utraque simplex.&lt;br /&gt;
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| Sciendum est etiam quod istae regulae habent intelligi in propositionibus de inesse et de modo sumptis in sensu divisionis vel eis aequivalentibus et non in illis de modo sumptis in sensu compositionis.&lt;br /&gt;
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| In talibus enim non sunt generaliter verae; sicut non valet `omne ens esse in actu est necessarium, igitur omnem hominem esse in actu est necessarium&amp;#039;; nec sequitur `omne animal esse asinum est contingens, igitur omnem hominem esse asinum est contingens&amp;#039;; nec sequitur `omne verum esse necessarium est impossibile, igitur omne necessarium esse verum est impossibile&amp;#039;; nec sequitur `omnem hominem esse animal est per se primo modo, igitur omne risibile esse animal est per se primo modo; nec sequitur `omnem figuram planam etc. habere tres etc. est indemonstrabile, igitur triangulum habere tres etc. est indemonstrabile&amp;#039;, nam in omnibus praedictis antecedentia sunt vera et consequentia falsa.&lt;br /&gt;
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| Verumtamen sciendum est quod aliquando tales consequentiae sunt bonae et aliquando non; ad quod sciendum, videndum est an modus {{p|595}} non possit competere antecedenti nisi competat consequenti.&lt;br /&gt;
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| Et tunc est consequentia talis bona et cum modo veritatis tenet, non autem cum modo necessitatis vel possibilitatis; et hoc quia consequentia ut nunc ex necessario potest sequi contingens et ex possibili impossibile.&lt;br /&gt;
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| Similiter, videndum est an talis modus possit competere uni convertibilium nisi conveniat reliquo; quia si non, a definitione distributa ad definitum distributum et e converso cum tali modo est bona consequentia.&lt;br /&gt;
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| Unde sequitur `omnem hominem esse animal est necessarium, igitur omne animal rationale mortale esse hominem est necessarium&amp;#039;. Si autem possit talis modus competere uni convertibilium ita quod non reliquo, non valet talis consequentia formaliter et universaliter.&lt;br /&gt;
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| Unde per ista duo potest sciri quando tales consequentiae ex talibus modalibus valent et quando non.&lt;br /&gt;
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| Alia regula est: a differentia superioris distributa ad inferius distributum est bona consequentia; sicut sequitur `omne sensibile est substantia, igitur omnis homo est substantia&amp;#039;.&lt;br /&gt;
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| Alia regula est: a convertibili cum superiori distributo ad inferius distributum est bona consequentia; sicut si vigilans vel dormiens sit convertibile cum animali, ista consequentia est bona `omne vigilans vel dormiens est coloratum, igitur omnis homo est coloratus&amp;#039;.&lt;br /&gt;
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| Alia regula est: a definitione superioris distributa --- et descriptione et nominis interpretatione --- ad inferius distributum est consequentia bona. Alia regula est quod quando contingit inferre definitum vel descriptum vel interpretatum cum distributione, contingit inferre definitionem, descriptionem et nominis interpretationem cum distributione.&lt;br /&gt;
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| Et sunt istae regulae intelligendae sicut priores, ita scilicet quod omnes termini supponant personaliter et significative.&lt;br /&gt;
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== Notes ==&lt;br /&gt;
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{{reflist}}&lt;br /&gt;
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[[Category:Untranslated]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Edward Ockham</name></author>
	</entry>
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